What wake turbulence separation is required when a small aircraft is landing behind a large aircraft?

When a small aircraft is landing behind a large aircraft, a separation distance of 4 miles is required to mitigate the risks associated with wake turbulence. This requirement is based on the understanding that large aircraft generate significant wake vortices upon landing, which can become hazardous to smaller aircraft that follow too closely. The 4-mile separation allows enough time and distance for the smaller aircraft to avoid the turbulent air left behind, ensuring a safer landing environment.

Wake turbulence is a critical factor in aviation safety, particularly near busy airports where different types of aircraft may be landing or taking off in quick succession. The FAA and international aviation guidelines have established this separation standard based on empirical data and studies that assess the impact of wake turbulence on smaller aircraft.