What factors determine the maximum detection range of a radar system?

The maximum detection range of a radar system is influenced by several technical and environmental factors, making it essential to consider multiple aspects rather than a single one. Transmitter power plays a critical role because a stronger signal can travel further and be reflected back from more distant targets. Antenna gain is also important, as it determines how effectively the radar can focus its energy in a particular direction, thereby enhancing detection capabilities.

Target size significantly impacts detection range as well; larger objects reflect more radar energy, making them easier to detect at greater distances. Environmental conditions, such as atmospheric absorption or interference from precipitation, can either extend or limit the range in which a radar system can effectively operate.

In contrast, other options do not encompass the comprehensive range of factors that contribute to radar detection capabilities. For instance, the type of radar used alone is insufficient to explain maximum range, as it does not take into account the various factors that directly influence performance. While weather conditions and terrain can affect radar performance, they are not the only factors at play. Similarly, the age of the technology may influence efficiency or capability but does not directly determine the maximum detection range like the multifaceted approach outlined in the correct answer.